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        Module&nbsp;__builtin__ ::
        Class&nbsp;str
      </b></font></br>
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<!-- =========== START OF CLASS DESCRIPTION =========== -->
<h2 class="class">Type str</h2>

<pre class="base-tree">
<a href="__builtin__.object-class.html"><code>object</code></a> --+    
         |    
<a href="__builtin__.basestring-class.html"><code>basestring</code></a> --+
             |
            <b>str</b>
</pre><br />

<hr/>

<pre class="literalblock">
str(object) -&gt; string

Return a nice string representation of the object.
If the argument is a string, the return value is the same object.
</pre>
<hr/>


<!-- =========== START OF METHOD SUMMARY =========== -->
<table class="summary" border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white">
<tr bgcolor="#70b0f0" class="summary">
  <th colspan="2">Method Summary</th></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#__add__" class="summary-sig-name"><code>__add__</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>x</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>y</span>)</span></code>
<br />
x.__add__(y) &lt;==&gt; x+y...</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#__contains__" class="summary-sig-name"><code>__contains__</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>x</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>y</span>)</span></code>
<br />
x.__contains__(y) &lt;==&gt; y in x...</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#__eq__" class="summary-sig-name"><code>__eq__</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>x</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>y</span>)</span></code>
<br />
x.__eq__(y) &lt;==&gt; x==y...</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#__ge__" class="summary-sig-name"><code>__ge__</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>x</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>y</span>)</span></code>
<br />
x.__ge__(y) &lt;==&gt; x&gt;=y...</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#__getattribute__" class="summary-sig-name"><code>__getattribute__</code></a>(<span class="summary-sig-vararg">...</span>)</span></code>
<br />
x.__getattribute__('name') &lt;==&gt; x.name...</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#__getitem__" class="summary-sig-name"><code>__getitem__</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>x</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>y</span>)</span></code>
<br />
x.__getitem__(y) &lt;==&gt; x[y]...</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><a name="__getnewargs__"></a><span class="summary-sig"><span class="summary-sig-name">__getnewargs__</span>(<span class="summary-sig-vararg">...</span>)</span></code>
</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#__getslice__" class="summary-sig-name"><code>__getslice__</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>x</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>i</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>j</span>)</span></code>
<br />
Use of negative indices is not supported.</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#__gt__" class="summary-sig-name"><code>__gt__</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>x</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>y</span>)</span></code>
<br />
x.__gt__(y) &lt;==&gt; x&gt;y...</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#__hash__" class="summary-sig-name"><code>__hash__</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>x</span>)</span></code>
<br />
x.__hash__() &lt;==&gt; hash(x)...</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#__le__" class="summary-sig-name"><code>__le__</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>x</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>y</span>)</span></code>
<br />
x.__le__(y) &lt;==&gt; x&lt;=y...</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#__len__" class="summary-sig-name"><code>__len__</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>x</span>)</span></code>
<br />
x.__len__() &lt;==&gt; len(x)...</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#__lt__" class="summary-sig-name"><code>__lt__</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>x</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>y</span>)</span></code>
<br />
x.__lt__(y) &lt;==&gt; x&lt;y...</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#__mod__" class="summary-sig-name"><code>__mod__</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>x</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>y</span>)</span></code>
<br />
x.__mod__(y) &lt;==&gt; x%y...</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#__mul__" class="summary-sig-name"><code>__mul__</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>x</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>n</span>)</span></code>
<br />
x.__mul__(n) &lt;==&gt; x*n...</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#__ne__" class="summary-sig-name"><code>__ne__</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>x</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>y</span>)</span></code>
<br />
x.__ne__(y) &lt;==&gt; x!=y...</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#__new__" class="summary-sig-name"><code>__new__</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>T</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class="summary-sig-vararg">...</span>)</span></code>
<br />
T.__new__(S, ...) -&gt; a new object with type S, a subtype of T...</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#__repr__" class="summary-sig-name"><code>__repr__</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>x</span>)</span></code>
<br />
x.__repr__() &lt;==&gt; repr(x)...</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#__rmod__" class="summary-sig-name"><code>__rmod__</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>x</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>y</span>)</span></code>
<br />
x.__rmod__(y) &lt;==&gt; y%x...</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#__rmul__" class="summary-sig-name"><code>__rmul__</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>x</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>n</span>)</span></code>
<br />
x.__rmul__(n) &lt;==&gt; n*x...</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#__str__" class="summary-sig-name"><code>__str__</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>x</span>)</span></code>
<br />
x.__str__() &lt;==&gt; str(x)...</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#capitalize" class="summary-sig-name"><code>capitalize</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>S</span>)</span></code>
<br />
Return a copy of the string S with only its first character
capitalized.</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#center" class="summary-sig-name"><code>center</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>width</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>fillchar</span>)</span></code>
<br />
Return S centered in a string of length width.</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#count" class="summary-sig-name"><code>count</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>sub</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>start</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>end</span>)</span></code>
<br />
Return the number of occurrences of substring sub in string
S[start:end].</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#decode" class="summary-sig-name"><code>decode</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>encoding</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>errors</span>)</span></code>
<br />
Decodes S using the codec registered for encoding.</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#encode" class="summary-sig-name"><code>encode</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>encoding</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>errors</span>)</span></code>
<br />
Encodes S using the codec registered for encoding.</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#endswith" class="summary-sig-name"><code>endswith</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>suffix</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>start</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>end</span>)</span></code>
<br />
Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise.</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#expandtabs" class="summary-sig-name"><code>expandtabs</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>tabsize</span>)</span></code>
<br />
Return a copy of S where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#find" class="summary-sig-name"><code>find</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>sub</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>start</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>end</span>)</span></code>
<br />
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,
such that sub is contained within s[start,end].</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#index" class="summary-sig-name"><code>index</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>sub</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>start</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>end</span>)</span></code>
<br />
Like S.find() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#isalnum" class="summary-sig-name"><code>isalnum</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>S</span>)</span></code>
<br />
Return True if all characters in S are alphanumeric
and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#isalpha" class="summary-sig-name"><code>isalpha</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>S</span>)</span></code>
<br />
Return True if all characters in S are alphabetic
and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#isdigit" class="summary-sig-name"><code>isdigit</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>S</span>)</span></code>
<br />
Return True if all characters in S are digits
and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#islower" class="summary-sig-name"><code>islower</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>S</span>)</span></code>
<br />
Return True if all cased characters in S are lowercase and there is
at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#isspace" class="summary-sig-name"><code>isspace</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>S</span>)</span></code>
<br />
Return True if all characters in S are whitespace
and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#istitle" class="summary-sig-name"><code>istitle</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>S</span>)</span></code>
<br />
Return True if S is a titlecased string and there is at least one
character in S, i.e.</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#isupper" class="summary-sig-name"><code>isupper</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>S</span>)</span></code>
<br />
Return True if all cased characters in S are uppercase and there is
at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#join" class="summary-sig-name"><code>join</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>sequence</span>)</span></code>
<br />
Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the
sequence.</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#ljust" class="summary-sig-name"><code>ljust</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>width</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>fillchar</span>)</span></code>
<br />
Return S left justified in a string of length width.</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#lower" class="summary-sig-name"><code>lower</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>S</span>)</span></code>
<br />
Return a copy of the string S converted to lowercase.</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#lstrip" class="summary-sig-name"><code>lstrip</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>chars</span>)</span></code>
<br />
Return a copy of the string S with leading whitespace removed.</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#replace" class="summary-sig-name"><code>replace</code></a>(<span class="summary-sig-vararg">...</span>)</span></code>
<br />
S.replace (old, new[, count]) -&gt; string

Return a copy of string S with all occurrences of substring
old replaced by new.</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#rfind" class="summary-sig-name"><code>rfind</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>sub</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>start</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>end</span>)</span></code>
<br />
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,
such that sub is contained within s[start,end].</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#rindex" class="summary-sig-name"><code>rindex</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>sub</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>start</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>end</span>)</span></code>
<br />
Like S.rfind() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#rjust" class="summary-sig-name"><code>rjust</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>width</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>fillchar</span>)</span></code>
<br />
Return S right justified in a string of length width.</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#rsplit" class="summary-sig-name"><code>rsplit</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>sep</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>maxsplit</span>)</span></code>
<br />
Return a list of the words in the string S, using sep as the
delimiter string, starting at the end of the string and working
to the front.</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#rstrip" class="summary-sig-name"><code>rstrip</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>chars</span>)</span></code>
<br />
Return a copy of the string S with trailing whitespace removed.</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#split" class="summary-sig-name"><code>split</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>sep</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>maxsplit</span>)</span></code>
<br />
Return a list of the words in the string S, using sep as the
delimiter string.</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#splitlines" class="summary-sig-name"><code>splitlines</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>keepends</span>)</span></code>
<br />
Return a list of the lines in S, breaking at line boundaries.</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#startswith" class="summary-sig-name"><code>startswith</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>prefix</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>start</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>end</span>)</span></code>
<br />
Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise.</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#strip" class="summary-sig-name"><code>strip</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>chars</span>)</span></code>
<br />
Return a copy of the string S with leading and trailing
whitespace removed.</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#swapcase" class="summary-sig-name"><code>swapcase</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>S</span>)</span></code>
<br />
Return a copy of the string S with uppercase characters
converted to lowercase and vice versa.</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#title" class="summary-sig-name"><code>title</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>S</span>)</span></code>
<br />
Return a titlecased version of S, i.e.</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#translate" class="summary-sig-name"><code>translate</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>table</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>deletechars</span>)</span></code>
<br />
Return a copy of the string S, where all characters occurring
in the optional argument deletechars are removed, and the
remaining characters have been mapped through the given
translation table, which must be a string of length 256.</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#upper" class="summary-sig-name"><code>upper</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>S</span>)</span></code>
<br />
Return a copy of the string S converted to uppercase.</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.str-class.html#zfill" class="summary-sig-name"><code>zfill</code></a>(<span class=summary-sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=summary-sig-arg>width</span>)</span></code>
<br />
Pad a numeric string S with zeros on the left, to fill a field
of the specified width.</td></tr>
<tr bgcolor="#e8f0f8" class="group">
  <th colspan="2">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Inherited from object</th></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.object-class.html#__init__" class="summary-sig-name"><code>__init__</code></a>(<span class="summary-sig-vararg">...</span>)</span></code>
<br />
x.__init__(...) initializes x; see x.__class__.__doc__ for signature...</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.object-class.html#__delattr__" class="summary-sig-name"><code>__delattr__</code></a>(<span class="summary-sig-vararg">...</span>)</span></code>
<br />
x.__delattr__('name') &lt;==&gt; del x.name...</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.object-class.html#__reduce__" class="summary-sig-name"><code>__reduce__</code></a>(<span class="summary-sig-vararg">...</span>)</span></code>
<br />
helper for pickle...</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.object-class.html#__reduce_ex__" class="summary-sig-name"><code>__reduce_ex__</code></a>(<span class="summary-sig-vararg">...</span>)</span></code>
<br />
helper for pickle...</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top" width="15%"><font size="-1">&nbsp;</font></td>
  <td><code><span class="summary-sig"><a href="__builtin__.object-class.html#__setattr__" class="summary-sig-name"><code>__setattr__</code></a>(<span class="summary-sig-vararg">...</span>)</span></code>
<br />
x.__setattr__('name', value) &lt;==&gt; x.name = value...</td></tr>
</table><br />


<!-- =========== START OF METHOD DETAILS =========== -->
<table class="details" border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" width="100%" bgcolor="white">
<tr bgcolor="#70b0f0" class="details">
  <th colspan="2">Method Details</th></tr>
</table>

<a name="__add__"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">__add__</span>(<span class=sig-arg>x</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>y</span>)</span>
    <br /><i>(Addition operator)</i>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
x.__add__(y) &lt;==&gt; x+y
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
x+y
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="__contains__"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">__contains__</span>(<span class=sig-arg>x</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>y</span>)</span>
    <br /><i>(In operator)</i>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
x.__contains__(y) &lt;==&gt; y in x
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
y in x
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="__eq__"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">__eq__</span>(<span class=sig-arg>x</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>y</span>)</span>
    <br /><i>(Equality operator)</i>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
x.__eq__(y) &lt;==&gt; x==y
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
x==y
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="__ge__"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">__ge__</span>(<span class=sig-arg>x</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>y</span>)</span>
    <br /><i>(Greater-than-or-equals operator)</i>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
x.__ge__(y) &lt;==&gt; x&gt;=y
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
x&gt;=y
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="__getattribute__"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">__getattribute__</span>(<span class="sig-vararg">...</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
x.__getattribute__('name') &lt;==&gt; x.name
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Overrides:</b></dt>
      <dd><a href="__builtin__.object-class.html#__getattribute__"><code>__builtin__.object.__getattribute__</code></a></dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="__getitem__"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">__getitem__</span>(<span class=sig-arg>x</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>y</span>)</span>
    <br /><i>(Indexing operator)</i>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
x.__getitem__(y) &lt;==&gt; x[y]
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
x[y]
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="__getslice__"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">__getslice__</span>(<span class=sig-arg>x</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>i</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>j</span>)</span>
    <br /><i>(Slicling operator)</i>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
Use of negative indices is not supported.
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
x[i:j]
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="__gt__"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">__gt__</span>(<span class=sig-arg>x</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>y</span>)</span>
    <br /><i>(Greater-than operator)</i>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
x.__gt__(y) &lt;==&gt; x&gt;y
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
x&gt;y
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="__hash__"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">__hash__</span>(<span class=sig-arg>x</span>)</span>
    <br /><i>(Hashing function)</i>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
x.__hash__() &lt;==&gt; hash(x)
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
hash(x)
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
    <dl><dt><b>Overrides:</b></dt>
      <dd><a href="__builtin__.object-class.html#__hash__"><code>__builtin__.object.__hash__</code></a></dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="__le__"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">__le__</span>(<span class=sig-arg>x</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>y</span>)</span>
    <br /><i>(Less-than-or-equals operator)</i>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
x.__le__(y) &lt;==&gt; x&lt;=y
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
x&lt;=y
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="__len__"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">__len__</span>(<span class=sig-arg>x</span>)</span>
    <br /><i>(Length operator)</i>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
x.__len__() &lt;==&gt; len(x)
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
len(x)
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="__lt__"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">__lt__</span>(<span class=sig-arg>x</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>y</span>)</span>
    <br /><i>(Less-than operator)</i>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
x.__lt__(y) &lt;==&gt; x&lt;y
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
x&lt;y
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="__mod__"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">__mod__</span>(<span class=sig-arg>x</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>y</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
x.__mod__(y) &lt;==&gt; x%y
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
x%y
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="__mul__"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">__mul__</span>(<span class=sig-arg>x</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>n</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
x.__mul__(n) &lt;==&gt; x*n
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
x*n
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="__ne__"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">__ne__</span>(<span class=sig-arg>x</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>y</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
x.__ne__(y) &lt;==&gt; x!=y
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
x!=y
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="__new__"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">__new__</span>(<span class=sig-arg>T</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class="sig-vararg">...</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
T.__new__(S, ...) -&gt; a new object with type S, a subtype of T
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
a new object with type S, a subtype of T
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
    <dl><dt><b>Overrides:</b></dt>
      <dd><a href="__builtin__.basestring-class.html#__new__"><code>__builtin__.basestring.__new__</code></a></dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="__repr__"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">__repr__</span>(<span class=sig-arg>x</span>)</span>
    <br /><i>(Representation operator)</i>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
x.__repr__() &lt;==&gt; repr(x)
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
repr(x)
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
    <dl><dt><b>Overrides:</b></dt>
      <dd><a href="__builtin__.object-class.html#__repr__"><code>__builtin__.object.__repr__</code></a></dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="__rmod__"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">__rmod__</span>(<span class=sig-arg>x</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>y</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
x.__rmod__(y) &lt;==&gt; y%x
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
y%x
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="__rmul__"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">__rmul__</span>(<span class=sig-arg>x</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>n</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
x.__rmul__(n) &lt;==&gt; n*x
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
n*x
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="__str__"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">__str__</span>(<span class=sig-arg>x</span>)</span>
    <br /><i>(Informal representation operator)</i>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
x.__str__() &lt;==&gt; str(x)
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
str(x)
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
    <dl><dt><b>Overrides:</b></dt>
      <dd><a href="__builtin__.object-class.html#__str__"><code>__builtin__.object.__str__</code></a></dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="capitalize"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">capitalize</span>(<span class=sig-arg>S</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
Return a copy of the string S with only its first character
capitalized.
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
string
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="center"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">center</span>(<span class=sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>width</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>fillchar</span>=<span class=sig-default>...</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
Return S centered in a string of length width. Padding is
done using the specified fill character (default is a space)
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
string
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="count"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">count</span>(<span class=sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>sub</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>start</span>=<span class=sig-default>...</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>end</span>=<span class=sig-default>...</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
Return the number of occurrences of substring sub in string
S[start:end].  Optional arguments start and end are
interpreted as in slice notation.
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
int
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="decode"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">decode</span>(<span class=sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>encoding</span>=<span class=sig-default>...</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>errors</span>=<span class=sig-default>...</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
Decodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults
to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error
handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise
a UnicodeDecodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore' and 'replace'
as well as any other name registerd with codecs.register_error that is
able to handle UnicodeDecodeErrors.
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
object
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="encode"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">encode</span>(<span class=sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>encoding</span>=<span class=sig-default>...</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>errors</span>=<span class=sig-default>...</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
Encodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults
to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error
handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise
a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and
'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with
codecs.register_error that is able to handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
object
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="endswith"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">endswith</span>(<span class=sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>suffix</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>start</span>=<span class=sig-default>...</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>end</span>=<span class=sig-default>...</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise.
With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
bool
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="expandtabs"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">expandtabs</span>(<span class=sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>tabsize</span>=<span class=sig-default>...</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
Return a copy of S where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.
If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
string
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="find"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">find</span>(<span class=sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>sub</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>start</span>=<span class=sig-default>...&nbsp;</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>end</span>=<span class=sig-default>...</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,
such that sub is contained within s[start,end].  Optional
arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.

Return -1 on failure.
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
int
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="index"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">index</span>(<span class=sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>sub</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>start</span>=<span class=sig-default>...&nbsp;</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>end</span>=<span class=sig-default>...</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
Like S.find() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
int
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="isalnum"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">isalnum</span>(<span class=sig-arg>S</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
Return True if all characters in S are alphanumeric
and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
bool
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="isalpha"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">isalpha</span>(<span class=sig-arg>S</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
Return True if all characters in S are alphabetic
and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
bool
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="isdigit"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">isdigit</span>(<span class=sig-arg>S</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
Return True if all characters in S are digits
and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
bool
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="islower"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">islower</span>(<span class=sig-arg>S</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
Return True if all cased characters in S are lowercase and there is
at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
bool
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="isspace"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">isspace</span>(<span class=sig-arg>S</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
Return True if all characters in S are whitespace
and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
bool
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="istitle"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">istitle</span>(<span class=sig-arg>S</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
Return True if S is a titlecased string and there is at least one
character in S, i.e. uppercase characters may only follow uncased
characters and lowercase characters only cased ones. Return False
otherwise.
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
bool
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="isupper"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">isupper</span>(<span class=sig-arg>S</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
Return True if all cased characters in S are uppercase and there is
at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
bool
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="join"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">join</span>(<span class=sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>sequence</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the
sequence.  The separator between elements is S.
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
string
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="ljust"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">ljust</span>(<span class=sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>width</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>fillchar</span>=<span class=sig-default>...</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
Return S left justified in a string of length width. Padding is
done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
string
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="lower"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">lower</span>(<span class=sig-arg>S</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
Return a copy of the string S converted to lowercase.
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
string
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="lstrip"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">lstrip</span>(<span class=sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>chars</span>=<span class=sig-default>...</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
Return a copy of the string S with leading whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
string or unicode
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="replace"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">replace</span>(<span class="sig-vararg">...</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
S.replace (old, new[, count]) -&gt; string

Return a copy of string S with all occurrences of substring
old replaced by new.  If the optional argument count is
given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="rfind"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">rfind</span>(<span class=sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>sub</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>start</span>=<span class=sig-default>...&nbsp;</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>end</span>=<span class=sig-default>...</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,
such that sub is contained within s[start,end].  Optional
arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.

Return -1 on failure.
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
int
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="rindex"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">rindex</span>(<span class=sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>sub</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>start</span>=<span class=sig-default>...&nbsp;</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>end</span>=<span class=sig-default>...</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
Like S.rfind() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
int
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="rjust"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">rjust</span>(<span class=sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>width</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>fillchar</span>=<span class=sig-default>...</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
Return S right justified in a string of length width. Padding is
done using the specified fill character (default is a space)
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
string
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="rsplit"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">rsplit</span>(<span class=sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>sep</span>=<span class=sig-default>...&nbsp;</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>maxsplit</span>=<span class=sig-default>...</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
Return a list of the words in the string S, using sep as the
delimiter string, starting at the end of the string and working
to the front.  If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit splits are
done. If sep is not specified or is None, any whitespace string
is a separator.
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
list of strings
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="rstrip"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">rstrip</span>(<span class=sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>chars</span>=<span class=sig-default>...</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
Return a copy of the string S with trailing whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
string or unicode
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="split"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">split</span>(<span class=sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>sep</span>=<span class=sig-default>...&nbsp;</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>maxsplit</span>=<span class=sig-default>...</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
Return a list of the words in the string S, using sep as the
delimiter string.  If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit
splits are done. If sep is not specified or is None, any
whitespace string is a separator.
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
list of strings
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="splitlines"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">splitlines</span>(<span class=sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>keepends</span>=<span class=sig-default>...</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
Return a list of the lines in S, breaking at line boundaries.
Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends
is given and true.
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
list of strings
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="startswith"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">startswith</span>(<span class=sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>prefix</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>start</span>=<span class=sig-default>...</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>end</span>=<span class=sig-default>...</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise.
With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
bool
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="strip"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">strip</span>(<span class=sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>chars</span>=<span class=sig-default>...</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
Return a copy of the string S with leading and trailing
whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
string or unicode
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="swapcase"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">swapcase</span>(<span class=sig-arg>S</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
Return a copy of the string S with uppercase characters
converted to lowercase and vice versa.
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
string
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="title"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">title</span>(<span class=sig-arg>S</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
Return a titlecased version of S, i.e. words start with uppercase
characters, all remaining cased characters have lowercase.
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
string
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="translate"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">translate</span>(<span class=sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>table</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>deletechars</span>=<span class=sig-default>...</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
Return a copy of the string S, where all characters occurring
in the optional argument deletechars are removed, and the
remaining characters have been mapped through the given
translation table, which must be a string of length 256.
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
string
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="upper"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">upper</span>(<span class=sig-arg>S</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
Return a copy of the string S converted to uppercase.
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
string
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>

<a name="zfill"></a>
<table width="100%" class="func-details" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"><tr><td>
  <h3><span class="sig"><span class="sig-name">zfill</span>(<span class=sig-arg>S</span>,
          <span class=sig-arg>width</span>)</span>
  </h3>
<pre class="literalblock">
Pad a numeric string S with zeros on the left, to fill a field
of the specified width.  The string S is never truncated.
</pre>
  <dl><dt></dt><dd>
    <dl><dt><b>Returns:</b></dt>
      <dd>
<pre class="literalblock">
string
</pre>
      </dd>
    </dl>
  </dd></dl>
</td></tr></table>
<br />


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